DEVELOPMENT OF EFFICIENT METHODS TO COMPLETE RECOVERY OF SUPPORTED CATALYSTS IS ONE OF THE IMPORTANT GOALS OF "GREEN CATALYSIS". IN THIS CONTEXT, MAGNETIC NANOPARTICLES (MNPS) HAVE GAINED A GREAT DEAL OF ATTENTION BECAUSE OF THEIR EASY separation FROM THE REACTION MIXTURE [1]...

THE INTERPLAY OF THERMODYNAMIC FORCES AND SELF-GENERATED STRESSES INDUCED IN DIFFERENT COMPOSITIONS, AND AT DIFFERENT QUENCH DEPTHS ON THE Phase BEHAVIOR OF DYNAMICALLY ASYMMETRIC PS/PVME BLENDS ARE STUDIED. THE THERMODYNAMIC Phase DIAGRAM IS OBTAINED FROM DYNAMIC TEMPERATURE SWEEP EXPERIMENTS. Phase CONTRAST OPTICAL MICROSCOPY AND RHEOLOGICAL MEASUREMENTS INCLUDING LINEAR VISCOELASTIC BEHAVIOR AND THE STRESS GROWTH BEHAVIOR ARE EMPLOYED TO INVESTIGATE THE TIME EVOLUTION OF THE DIFFERENT Phase-SEPARATING MORPHOLOGIES. AT AN INTERMEDIATE QUENCH DEPTH OF 14OC, IN ADDITION TO THERMODYNAMICALLY CONTROLLED Phase separation MECHANISMS (NUCLEATION AND GROWTH, NG, AND SPINODAL DECOMPOSITION, SD), THREE DIFFERENT KINDS OF Phase separation BEHAVIOR ARE INDUCED BY TRANSIENT GEL FORMATION DUE TO SELF-INDUCED STRESSES IN THE EARLY STAGE OF Phase separation: (I) CONVENTIONAL VISCOELASTIC Phase separation (VPS), (II) NUCLEATION OF AGGREGATE-LIKE PS-RICH Phase AND SUBSEQUENT FORMATION OF A PERCOLATED NETWORK BY COALESCENCE, AND (III) NUCLEATION OF AN AGGREGATE-LIKE PS-RICH Phase WHILE THE DISPERSED-MATRIX MORPHOLOGY IS PRESERVED IN THE LATER STAGES OF Phase separation. WHILE IT IS GENERALLY ACCEPTED THAT VPS OCCURS AT DEEP QUENCH DEPTHS, WE OBSERVE THE VPS MECHANISM AT SHALLOW QUENCH DEPTHS WHICH IS ATTRIBUTED TO DYNAMIC HETEROGENEITY IN THE Phase-SEPARATED DOMAINS. A DYNAMIC Phase DIAGRAM WHICH SHOWS THE EFFECT OF DYNAMIC ASYMMETRY ON Phase BEHAVIOR IS PROPOSED.

NOWADAYS, DUE TO BIOCOMPATIBILITY, GOOD CHEMICAL RESISTANCE, THERMAL STABILITY AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES, POLYETHERSULFONE (PES) USED AS THE MEMBRANE FORMING MATERIAL. IN THIS WORK, PES MEMBRANES WITH A COMBINATION OF Phase separation TECHNIQUES BY ABSORBING WATER VAPOR FROM THE ATMOSPHERE (DRY separation) AND THEN IMMERSED IN A COAGULATION BATH (WET separation) WERE PREPARED. THE EFFECT OF HUMIDITY, RETENTION TIME, AND PERCENTAGE OF POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL (PEG) ON POLYMER MEMBRANE STRUCTURE IN TWO PERCENT (15% AND 25%) OF ADDITIVE WAS EXAMINED. SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY (SEM) SHOWED BY CONTROLLING THE PROCESS CONDITIONS, COMMON ASYMMETRIC MORPHOLOGY STRUCTURES AND THE CANAL-LIKE CAVITIES COULD BE CHANGED INTO SYMMETRIC STRUCTURE WITH CLOSED AND OPEN PORES. THE RESULTS OF THE TESTS CONDUCTED ON SAMPLES OF FLUX AND POROSITY OF MEMBRANE HAVE CONFIRMED THESE OBSERVATIONS AS WELL.

CHLOROBENZENE COMPOUNDS ARE LISTED AS PRIORITY POLLUTANTS BY THE UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (USEPA). A SIMPLE HOMOGENOUS LIQUID Phase MICROEXTRACTION METHODOLOGY APPLYING OCTANOIC ACID AS EXTRACTION Phase WAS INTRODUCED FOR DETERMINATION OF CHLOROBENZENES. IN THIS APPROACH, Phase separation PHENOMENON OCCURRED BY CHANGING IN PH OF THE SOLUTION AND AN ACIDIC SOLUTION WAS USED AS Phase separation REAGENT.THE EXTRACTION Phase WAS SEPARATED BASED ON FILTRATION AGAINST OF CENTRIFUGATION FROM EMULSION AND IT INTRODUCED TO HPLC. TEN MILLILITER OF THE SAMPLE SOLUTION WAS POURED INTO A GLASS-VIAL. FORTY FIVE MICROLITER OF OCTANOIC ACID WAS SOLVED IN WATER SAMPLE BY ADJUSTING PH.BY RAPID ADDITION OF 120 ML OF CONCENTRATED HCL (Phase separation REAGENT), A CLOUDY SOLUTION WAS OBTAINED. THEN, THE CLOUDY SOLUTION WAS PASSED THROUGH AN IN-LINE FILTER LOCATED IN A SUITABLE HOLDER [1] AND SEPARATED BASED ON EMULSION FILTRATION. BY CHANGING THE HPLC VALVE POSITION, FILTER WAS LAID IN THE MOBILE Phase PASS AND EXTRACTION Phase WAS ELUTED BY MOBILE Phase AND INTRODUCED IN TO THE separation COLUMN FOR ANALYSIS. THIS METHOD WAS USED FOR EXTRACTION AND DETERMINATION OF FIVE CHLOROBENZENES IN WATER SAMPLES. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY WERE USED FOR OPTIMIZATION OF VARIOUS PARAMETERS INFLUENCING THE EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY OF THE METHOD [2]. UNDER OPTIMAL CONDITIONS, CHLOROBENZENES WERE EFFECTIVELY EXTRACTED AND PRECONCENTRATION FACTORS OF 237- 280 WERE OBTAINED. THE CALIBRATION CURVE WAS INVESTIGATED IN THE CONCENTRATION RANGE OF 1-200 MG L-1 AND GOOD LINEARITY WAS ACHIEVED WITH COEFFICIENT OF DETERMINATIONS BETTER THAN 0.995.DETECTION LIMITS WERE IN THE RANGE OF 0.3 AND 0.5 MG L-1 AND SUITABLE PRECISION WITH RSDS BETTER THAN 5.1 % (N=3) WERE ATTAINED. FINALLY, THE PROPOSED METHOD WAS APPLIED TO DETERMINE THE CONCENTRATION OF CHLOROBENZENES IN DIFFERENT WATER SAMPLES AND ACCEPTABLE RECOVERIES WERE GAINED.